Quản trị cộng tác trong phát triển đô thị thông minh tại Trung Quốc và hàm ý cho Việt Nam

Smart city development has increasingly become a central strategy to address the challenges of rapid urbanization and resource management pressures. However, practice shows that technology is only a necessary condition, while the effectiveness of smart cities largely depends on the capacity for collabo rative governance among stakeholders. This article analyzes collaborative governance mechanisms in China through three case studies: Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Dongguan. Using a qualitative and compar ative case study approach, the findings indicate that the model of government as enabler enterprises as implementers serves as a core pillar, flexibly adapted to local conditions. At the same time, factors such as data governance, citizen participation, and risk control play decisive roles. Based on these findings, the article proposes implications for Vietnam, emphasizing a shift from a technology-driven approach to gov ernance reform, with collaborative governance at the core of smart city development.