Xu hướng chuyển dịch mô hình kinh tế báo chí châu Âu và bài học kinh nghiệm cho các cơ quan báo chí Việt Nam

This article analyzes the transformation of the press business model in Europe during the 2020 – 2026 period and identifies three major trends: shifting the focus from dependence on online advertising toward reader revenue through flexible paywall systems and voluntary contributions; strengthening the legal framework for publishers’ related rights to require cross-border digital platforms to pay for news content copyrights; and expanding shared technical infrastructure alliances combined with direct and indirect fiscal support from the State for public-service journalism. Drawing on the financial autonomy of Vietnam’s revolutionary press and the new legal framework under the amended Law on the Press (Law No. 126/2025/QH15) and Decree No. 174/2026/ND-CP, the study proposes three groups of actions for newsrooms: proactively establishing collective rights management organizations to negotiate news copyrights; cooperating in the development of shared technical infrastructure and common identification databases; and coordinating efforts to improve digital economic and technical norms within the State’s mechanism for commissioning and assigning tasks to press agencies.